Type confusion in PostgreSQL allows an object creator to execute arbitrary code as the operating system user running the database, via ALTER … SET DATA TYPE primarily. Other DDL attack routes exist, such as "ALTER TABLE … ADD COLUMN; ROLLBACK; ALTER TABLE … ADD COLUMN". The system had inadequate tracking of typed values, and values were not self-identifying. Stale values could appear in data dictionary entries, PL/pgSQL variables, and many other parts of the system. PostgreSQL Versions before PostgreSQL 18.7, 17.12, 16.16, 15.20, and 14.25 are affected.
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